सफर तो यह भी निकल जाएगा राह में बहुत बार अकेला खुद को पाएगा हुआ तो मुकम्मल, नहीं तो यादों का सिलसिला जीता चला जाएगा। - नाज़िआ

Ishita Kishore Garima Lohia Uma Harathi N Smriti Mishra Mayur Hazarika Gahana Navya James Waseem Ahmad Bhat Aniruddh Yadav Kanika Goyal Rahul Srivastava Parsanjeet Kour Abhinav Siwach Vidushi Singh Kritika Goyal Swati Sharma Shishir Kumar Singh Avinash Kumar Siddharth Shukla Laghima Tiwari Anoushka Sharma Shivam Yadav Gvs Pavandatta

UPSC Prelims Admit card is out. 1. Visit the official website of UPSC. 2. On the homepage of the website, click on the 'Admit Card' tab. 3. Click on 'Civil Service Exam Preliminary Admit Card 2023'. 4. Login to the portal with the registration Id or Roll no. and DOB. 5. The UPSC admit card will be displayed on the screen. 6. Check all the details, save it as a PDF.

From documents perspective you need the Identity proof scanned pdf and scanned (jpg/jpeg) photograph and signature. All shall be clear and visible. Rest you shall keep your 10th standard Roll number noted down with you. Rest is your personal details, all these documents are enough for general category students. In case of Pwd(disability) and reservation you will need additional documents regarding these.

Solve atleast 100 mock test before the exam along with revising the syllabus and making note of mistakes and you will make it in one go. This may sound not huge or maybe too much to some but this is actual game. Prelims now a days is not the Prelims that used to be 5 years ago. This is most unpredictable and sort of to say luck factor added to it, but luck is also with you if you have done your homework. also, why not to focus on things in your hand rather then thinking about the luck. Solve the mock test and note the errors and your weak areas work on them and be patient. Don’t be too quick to judge its ok to score poor sometimes but slowly you improve. Share your thoughts in comment section below.

Buying every book and newspaper. Usually toppers from other fields treat UPSC like any Other Exam. Not following the routine. Piling up too much sources and notes. Skipping the past year questions. Not taking NCERT seriously. Not having a study plan. Loosing out of patience. Thinking that studying 24/7 will clear the exam. Each major point is explained in comments below.

It was Dr Bhabha’s vision that India should become self-reliant in the field of nuclear energy. Accordingly, India adopted a three-stage nuclear power development programme based on indigenously made reactors and fuel processed from domestic resources. Growth and development of nuclear science and technology in India: •India’s journey in the field of nuclear science and technology began with the formation of Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) in 1954. •As a part of an agreement with the USA, India set up its first nuclear power station (410MW) in 1963 at Tarapore in Maharashtra. It was based on Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs) using enriched Uranium fuel supplied by the USA. • This project started commercial operation in 1969. •Tarapore marked the beginning of India’s nuclear power development effort. •It was in 1988 that India signed an agreement with the then Soviet Union for setting up a 2x1000MW capacity power project based on Soviet manufactured pressurised water reactors at Kudankulam in Tamil Nadu. The three-stage nuclear power programme was formulated by Dr. Homi Bhabha in 1950s to secure country’s long term energy independence, through use of uranium and thorium reserves found in the monazite sands of coastal regions of South India. The three stages adopted were •Natural uranium fuelled pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PWHR) •Fast Breeder Reactors (FBRs) utilizing plutonium based fuel •Advanced nuclear power systems for utilisation of Thorium. Advantages of Fast Breeder Reactors (FBR): •FBRs are designed with several safety measures and features which follow redundancy and diversity principles. •Fast Breeder Reactors are safe and efficient apart from the benefits from environmental considerations. •Electricity generated by FBR would be a source of green energy as the waste from the first stage nuclear programme is reprocessed and used as fuel in FBR. • The spent fuel from this reactor can be fed back into the reactor core several times, till the spent fuel contains only short lived fission products. •The advantage with a breeder reactor is that it generates more fissile material than it consumes. •They do not even need moderators for slowing down neutrons, as they use fast neutrons. •Further there is no need of large quantity of fuel materials for the annual external feed and thus eliminates the need for large capacity waste storage spaces with complex construction features. India has achieved much in nuclear technology. Entry to NSG group is important for India to achieve further advancement. Nuclear technology are future and can help by providing India as a sustainable energy resource.

Mangrove forests are deteriorating due to over-exploitation, deforestation, land reclamation and pollution. Large areas of mangroves have been cleared due to various factors. Importance in maintaining coastal ecology: •Basis of a complex marine food chain. •Creation of breeding habitat for birds and water animals. •Filtering and assimilating pollutants from upland run-off. •Stabilization of bottom sediments. •Water quality improvements. Protection of shorelines from erosion. •Mangroves are the first line of defence for coastal communities. They stabilize shorelines by slowing erosion and provide natural barriers protecting coastal communities from increased storm surge, flooding, and hurricanes. Causes of depletion: Anthropogenic Causes: Over-exploitation and Illegal Forest Cutting: Over-exploitation of forests to meet the growing requirement of the people is one of the main problems facing the Sundarban. Shrimp Farming: The rapidly expanding shrimp farming industry possesses the crucial cause for deteriorating the mangrove forests in Bangladesh. Pollution: Industrial development, agriculture and aquaculture near the river basins has led to the production of huge amounts of garbage, wastewater, pollutants and other effluents. Management Failure: The mangrove forest is disappearing because of Lack of training and knowledge of coastal land use. Diseases: “Top dying” is the disease of the dominant Sundari trees (Heritiera fomes) one of the biggest causes for deteriorating the forest. Fire: Fire may have caused some of the most serious damage of the mangrove ecosystem in recent years. Natural Causes Natural Disasters, Climate Change and Sea Level Rise: Nutrient depletion: Especially phosphorus and nitrogen was found to be directly connected with the decline in forest cover. Thus it is imperative seeing their importance in maintaining coastal ecology to save them through local and national efforts.

Make a list of the few potential topics that interest you. Learn about both of them from the ground up. For example, study the NCERTs for GEOGRAPHY & PUB. ADMINISTRATION if you're unsure which subject you should focus on. This will enable you to choose which subject interests you the most. View the test questions from the previous year. View the curriculum for the particular topic that UPSC has recommended. You'll have a better grasp of the importance of the curriculum and be able to make a final choice. The "last and most crucial" criterion is if you have finalized your choice of subject for your essay. Make a clear decision that this is the only subject that will work for you. Don't pay attention then. Just concentrate on the subject and study it.

The UPSC Selection process happens in 3 stages: Civil Services (Preliminary) Examinations (Objective Type) and Civil Services (Main) Examination (Written) and Interview (Personality Test) UPSC Prelims Examination Preliminary Exam will be a 4-hour Objective Type paper. It comprises of two papers of multiple choice questions of maximum 200 marks each from various subjects including General Awareness, English Language, Numerical Aptitude, Reasoning, etc. UPSC Mains Examination Candidates who have qualified in the Prelims round will only be called to attend the Mains round. The mains round consists of written exam which is followed by personality test. Candidates who have cleared the mains round will be appointed as civil servants. Mains exam involves written exam and personality test. The examination consists of Qualifying papers: Paper I - An Indian language selected by the candidates Paper II – English Papers to be counted for merit: Essay (Paper III) General Studies (Paper IV-VII) Optional Subjects (Paper VIII-IX) Interview Officially called the "Personality Test", the objective of the interview is to assess the personal suitability of the candidate for a career in public service by a board of competent and unbiased observers. The test is intended to evaluate the mental calibre of a candidate. In broad terms, this is really an assessment of not only a candidate's intellectual qualities, but also social traits and interest in current affairs. Some of the qualities to be judged are mental alertness, critical powers of assimilation, clear and logical exposition, balance of judgement, variety and depth of interest, ability for social cohesion and leadership, and intellectual and moral integrity. The technique of the interview is not that of a strict cross-examination, but of a natural, though directed and purposive conversation that is intended to reveal the mental qualities of the candidate. The interview is not intended to be a test either of the specialised or general knowledge of the candidate, which has been already tested through written papers. Candidates are expected to have taken an intelligent interest not only in their special subjects of academic study, but also in the events which are happening around them both within and outside their own state or country as well as in modern currents of thought and in new discoveries which should rouse the curiosity of all well-educated youth.

Anti-Tank Guided Missiles: ATGMs are primarily designed to hit and destroy heavily armored military vehicles. The missiles can be transported by a single soldier, to larger tripod-mounted weapons, which require a squad or team to transport and fire, to vehicle and aircraft mounted missile systems. This type of guided missiles rely on an electro-optical imager (IIR) seeker, a laser or a W-band radar seeker in the nose of the missile. These are ‘fire-and-forget’ missiles where the operator can retreat right after firing as there is no more guidance required. Laser-Guided ATGM: The all-indigenous Laser Guided ATGM employs a tandem High Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT) warhead to defeat Explosive Reactive Armour (ERA) protected armoured vehicles. The ATGM has been developed with multi-platform launch capability and is currently undergoing technical evaluation trials from the 120 mm rifled gun of MBT Arjun.

- What is FRA/ Has FRA achieved its target - You have to choose between saving a elephant and human, how to go about it - Why is June 5 celebrated as World Environment Day - How to bring tribals in mainstream development - Indian Forest Report of last 3 times - Job Hierarchy should be known - Role of NGOs - Coordination Projects ( SHG groups / MGNREGA/ Forest) - Why don't we think about one forest one product on lines of ODOP (OFOP) - What are minor forest produces - Have you read the white tiger? What does it convey - Mangroves and it's importance - UNFCC/ IPCC/ WWF / Earth Hour - who is currently Hon'ble minister of the concerned dept - What is CBDR - Green and clean Energy - Carbon Trading and carbon credits, carbon neutral buildings - Role of a DFO - Difference Between DFO wildlife and social forestry - CAMPA - NH and plantation? Does it really happen - Elephant corridors - Naxalism and mining in forest - How to improve lives of forest dwellers - Why should we take you - Any prior expertise / experience - Lacunae of current forest depts - How can technology help a forest officer - Sherni movie, Newton movie - Indian govt current Parvatmala project - Living root bridges - Forest and Ayush medicine? Govt new regulations - Boraband vs Checkdams! - Wetlands and Ramsar sites.. And more

Vice President is neither the head of the state subordinate to the President of India rather he or she is the Chairman of the Upper House that is the Rajya Sabha and conducts the proceedings of the Rajya Sabha as it is done by the speaker of Lok Sabha, presently Shri Om Birla. The Vice President of India is elected by all the members of the Parliament that is both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha but he becomes the member of only the Rajya Sabha and has nothing to do with the functioning of the Lok Sabha directly. The electoral college consist of only MP's and not the members of state legislative assembly by the system of proportional representation using single transferable votes and the voting is conducted by Election Commission of India. As said by Article 66. Basically each candidate standing up for the elections of the VP is listed on a slip and every MP has to mark his order of preference among them that is starting from one to 'n' and those votes will be counted in the same manner. For example: a, b, c stood in VP elections. One MP will give first preference to x and second to y and third to z, let's say. Now all the MP's will give their preference of order and while counting also we see who got how many one's and who got two's and in the end if we don't surpass the number of 50% for number of ones than number of two's are added and so on.

Well, education in India is believed to have emerged around 1500BCE and lasted till 500BCE, this was the Vedic education system (that is the Atharva Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda and the RigVeda). It emphasized on two ideas the, “this-worldly knowledge” and the “Other-worldly knowledge”, the major focus used to be on the ideals of individual's life through self-realization. Realization means Knowledge and experience which starts with knowing the self. It was more of spiritual and religious teachings which became the source of origin of Hindu philosophy. The education used to be given at Gurukul's where the child was expected to leave all the bad habits and go for the morality, brahmacharya (celibacy) sacrifice, simplicity, honesty, service, dutifulness, modesty, freedom from conceit. ndia has been historically a land of invasions, then came the Islamic rulers in mid medieval era and they introduced the Persian language and also started madrassas and Kuttabs, they were the Islamic center for teaching grammar, philosophy, mathematics, and law. Many mosque were built and it was emergence of the Islamic architecture in India which we today see through Qutub Minar and then the Red fort (built by Mughals)etc. Mughals started education system where subjects like medicine, agriculture geography, and texts from other languages and religions were taught. However, Aurangzeb, adopted strict and orthodox Muslim education policies. Then came up the Europeans specifically the British who tried to make changes in the education system, the basic purpose was to create a working force among the Indians in the British administration. There were many debates regarding the introduction of education in English or the vernacular language (local languages). But ultimately to setup link in English class and the Indians it was suggested to introduce the English language. Read full in the blogs section

No matter at what stage of life you are or what your goals are. One thing that will always help you is Good communication skills. Basic Pointers about Communication skills: Be a good Listener, it is the best way to be a good communicator. When you listen carefully you are able to understand the expectations and the query/ doubt carefully and can then only, think about being right in answering on what is asked. Otherwise you could be beating around the bush and miss the conversation. Being a good listener requires attention and a clear mind. Watch your Body Language, it is the first thing that communicates because first you present yourself and word comes later (Unless you're an RJ) your body language is the first impression anyone has of you. One important aspect of body language is the clothes you wear. You need to make sure that the clothes are comfortable to you as well as presentable according to the occasion. For interviews you should be in formals and for other discussion's it depends on the audience but formals generally work everywhere. Carry Confidence on your face, it makes other person curious to talk to you and know about you. But make sure don't make it awkward by fake smiling. Keep a gentle smile on the face. Make good eye contact with the person you are talking to at that time, but don't stare. Keep your mind open, enter the conversation with a good mind and open mind and don't keep preconceived unnecessary notions about someone. First talk and get firsthand impression about them and then take the conversation forward in the direction you want to. Show the friendliness rather then rigidity even maybe you're not convinced but this show you respect their views but not agree to them. you can simply pass it on or just say gently, that "I do not agree with you on this", or say "I don't know about this" or, "I don't have good understanding about the topic". Show empathy and sensitivity towards them and watch your words, don't say anything that doesn't suits your organization or yourself.

Major changes that India had were due to disintegration of the USSR, India was forced to make structural changes on both the domestic and external fronts as our most trusted ally was disintegrated and our Economy was in very bad shape (gulf war was going on and license raj was at it's peak) and the Globalization was knocking our doors. So what we could have done when as per sources at that time we were considering to sell our gold to run the country. We went to the IMF and with some conditions, we had to open our economy which flooded our market with foreign brands, that is the reason we are fond of imported things because our Industry wasn't strong enough and the west was pumping it's goods into India at large. Three major pointers to understand this: Gujral doctrine - Shri IK Gujral gave 5 principle in which He does not ask for reciprocity from our neighbors for the help. No South Asia country should allow their territory to be use against India. No interference in the Internal affairs. Respect territorial integrity and the sovereignty. Any dispute might arise should be solved through the peaceful and bilateral negotiations. Manmohan doctrine - Economic at the heart of the policies. Greater integration with the world economy for the benefit of India. India to work with International community to create global economic and security environment for all the nations. More focus on regional institutional capacity and regional connectivity. Modi Doctrine - India first. Engage the competing global powers, that is why we hear Quad grouping (USA, Australia, Japan and India), then increasing engagement with Israel, Arabs and the Saudi - Iran as well. Lot of focus on the India diaspora, we have seen a lot of events he has conducted on foreign lands. Modi government in the foreign policy is known for Panchamrit. Samman - Dignity and honor in the global politics. Samvad - Greater engagement and dialogue. Samriddhi - Shared prosperity. Suraksha - Regional and global security Sanskriti evam Sabhyata - That is the cultural and civilizational linkages.

When you bring smile on the face of your parents is something that can be really inspiring. It could be due to your achievements, your decisions or your resilience. I think there has been huge gap in age not just actual age difference in numbers but due to technology this age gap is huge now. The way youth thinks is very different from how our parents think. So, there can be ample of reasons that inspires a person but for me it is this. I reacted by thanking the GOD.

Recently the annual BRICS summit was held online. Iran officially applied to be a member of the group. Not only Iran, but Argentina also wants to join the group. At first, formed BRIC group was formed with Brazil, Russia, India, and China, later extended with the membership of South Africa. BRICS seems to join a string between Asia, Asia Pacific, and South America. The current BRICS group covers 41 percent of the world population and 24 percent of the global GDP. Being a member of the BRICS Iran would revive ancient relations with India, strategic partnerships with China and Russia in the face of the west, and strengthen trade relations with Brazil and South Africa. Diplomatic attempt to lift sanctions on its nuclear test program.- Iran's nuclear deal is a bargain between lifting sanctions and other nuclear power's access to Iran's nuclear testing facilities. In a fresh urge, Iran's ambassador to the UNO expressed his country's willingness to have a dialogue and negotiate to reach an agreement. The political saga goes back to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) of 2015. The deal was not well maintained as it should be and went to the Incentive Care Unit (ICU) in the year 2018. Some of the JCPOA restrictions also crossed their expired date. Critics say it is hijacking an individual country's independence to have peaceful nuclear tests and mere political junk. As things change in the international arena, Iran's Latest Strive to Be a World Power awaits to be fulfilled.

There is nothing like Average student I think However I understand from where you are coming and what you want to say. Yes, everyone and anyone can do it. the ones who cleared were not born with super brains and they all worked hard and achieved it coping the challenges in their life in their own way. Do the following Be consistent Make a time table Get good and honest feedback regulalrly Ask relevant questions Look for material on the internet. You don’t necessarily needs to go to coaching in todays world. Gone are those times. Have positive people around you. Be self motivated a lot is going to come to you. Be patient through out the journey Share your thoughts in the comment section below.

adopted by the Constituent Assembly on January 22, 1947 . It is not enforceable in court, but the objectives of the Constitution, and acts as an aid during the interpretation of Articles, when language is found ambiguous. This wasn't exactly the same preamble that came into force on 26 January 1950 but the words, "socialist, secular and integrity" were added later by then PM Shri Indira Gandhi by 42nd Amendment Act 1975. The preamble is like a guiding objective of the constitution as any statement can be interpreted in different kinds so the preamble ensures that all the articles in the constitution are seen with the same light as the preamble indicates. For example: If any article talks about being sovereign that means we are an independent nation with no control from any outside country or organization, now there are laws in the constitution that make the international agreements enforceable even if those subject's are related to the state list and not the center. So enforcing international treaty or agreement doesn't mean that they will be forced upon us, We are independent and holds full discretion whether to implement the treaty or revoke it. Republic means that our head of the state is elected, that is the president( like Britain has the monarchy 'queen as the head of state). Socialist and secular was added in 1975, it basically is said as we were quite close to the then USSR and wanted to show the west about our inclination as Pakistan was banking on the west at that time. Secular means that supporting all the religion equally and not any particular religion. That is the Indian idea of the Secular, other countries in the world may have their own like France is said to have negative Secularism since it does not support any religion where as in India we respect and accommodate all religions through state policy, which isn't the case with France. The constituent assembly, that the assembly of India before we became republic officially also debated on topics to include the word , 'God' and 'Gandhi's name' in the Preamble but it was voted against. The Assembly was divided with 41 voting in favour and 68 voting against it. One member urged the Assembly to rename India as the ‘Union of Indian Socialistic Republics’, similar to the USSR. But this wasn't done as members were not convinced enough as they felt it could go against the already adopted constitutional scheme.